What does 'ransomware' do?

Ransomware primarily functions by encrypting the files on a victim's system or network. Once the data is encrypted, the threat actor typically demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key that will restore access to the data. This malicious software creates a hostage situation, where the victim is faced with the dilemma of paying the ransom to recover their critical files or losing access to their data permanently.

The intent behind ransomware is not only to disrupt the operations but also to generate financial gain for the attackers. Paying the ransom, however, is fraught with risk since there is no guarantee that the cybercriminals will provide the decryption key, or that their software won't leave behind additional vulnerabilities.

Recognizing this, cybersecurity practices emphasize the importance of robust data backups and incident response plans to mitigate the effects of ransomware attacks, highlighting the significance of preventative measures in safeguarding sensitive information.