What does the term "malware" refer to?

The term "malware" specifically refers to malicious software that is designed with the intent to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise computers and networks. This category of software can take many forms, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, spyware, and adware, all of which aim to disrupt system integrity, steal sensitive information, or gain unauthorized access. The defining characteristic of malware is its intent to cause damage or perform harmful actions on the target system or network. Thus, the correct understanding of malware encapsulates its malicious purpose and the potential threats it poses to users and organizations.

In contrast, the other options describe functionalities that do not align with the purpose of malware. For example, software that enhances computer performance focuses on optimization and efficiency rather than harm. Similarly, a tool for securing data transmission is aimed at protecting and encrypting information rather than posing a threat. Lastly, a type of internet browser serves as a platform for navigating the web and does not relate to malicious intent. Understanding the nature and purpose of malware is crucial for cybersecurity professionals, as it helps in developing strategies for prevention and mitigation against such threats.