What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication (MFA)?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) serves the critical purpose of enhancing security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before gaining access to a system or application. This layered approach significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access because it combines something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a smartphone or security token), and something the user is (like biometric information).

This system acknowledges that relying solely on one method of authentication, such as a password, can be inadequate due to potential weaknesses like password theft or guessing. By increasing the number of verification factors, MFA creates a more robust defense against various cyber threats, including phishing attacks and credential theft. Each additional layer that must be overcome increases the security of the system, making it more difficult for an attacker to gain access.

Options that suggest easier access or a single login method do not align with MFA's aim of strengthening security. Similarly, automatic encryption of user data is not the primary function of MFA but rather a separate security measure that protects data confidentiality.