What type of authentication method identifies and recognizes people based on physical traits such as fingerprints?

The correct answer is biometrics, which is a method of authentication that leverages unique physical or behavioral characteristics of individuals to verify their identity. This can include traits such as fingerprints, facial recognition, iris patterns, and even voice recognition. The distinguishing feature of biometrics is its reliance on something that is inherently unique to each individual, making it difficult to replicate or forge.

In comparison, two-factor authentication requires two different forms of identification before granting access, typically involving something the user knows (like a password) and something they have (like a mobile device). Token-based authentication involves a physical device or software token that generates a security code, also not tied to physical traits. Password-based authentication relies solely on knowledge of the user's password, which can be easily compromised if not managed well. In contrast, biometrics provides a more secure and convenient means of authentication as it cannot easily be shared or forgotten.